Abstract: In order to better understand species composition and population dynamics of soil insects and pests in Shaanxi province, a series of field investigations was carried out by digging and lighting trap method in Shaanxi province from 2010 to 2011. Thirty five species, belonging to 9 families within three orders, of soil insects and pests were found in tobacco fields of Shaanxi province. Based on their population sizes, the soil insects and pests were divided into four categories. Holotrichia oblita (Faldermann), Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, and Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky were the major insect pests. Teleogryllus infernalis (Saussure) and Agrotis ypsilon Rottemberg were the local sporadic insects and pests. Six species were common insects and pests, and 24 were minor insects and pests.