Abstract: In order to understand the relationship between the occurrence of cigar Fusarium root rot and soil factors, we studied the soil fungi diversity and structural composition, physical and chemical properties and their relationship in Laifeng cigar producing areas with occurrence of cigar root rot. The results indicated that compared with uninfected control, the occurrence of cigar root rot caused reduction in the number of fungal species, decreased Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and Ace indexed and lower relative abundance of Pseudobensingtonia and increased relative abundance of Fusarium in the rhizosphere soil. The disease index of root rot was significantly positively correlated with soil water content, capillary porosity, available potassium and the relative abundance of Fusarium (p<0.05), and negatively correlated with soil aeration porosity and the relative abundance of Pseudobensingtonia (p<0.01). Canonical correlation analysis showed that that soil capillary porosity and aeration porosity were the main soil factors affecting the occurrence of cigar Fusarium root rot. Overall, reducing soil capillary porosity and the relative abundance of Fusarium, increasing soil aeration porosity and the relative abundance of Pseudobensingtonia were conducive to the prevention and control of cigar Fusarium root rot.